The Alpine region of Tyrol is known for its breathtaking landscapes, its warm hospitality and – especially in the run-up to Christmas – its fascinating customs. One of the most impressive is the devilish hustle and bustle of the Krampus and Perchten, which is deeply rooted in history and continues to captivate generations to this day.
The origin of the custom: between religion and superstition
The tradition of the Krampus run goes back centuries. Originally, the Krampus was the wild companion of St. Nicholas. In the St. Nicholas plays of the Counter-Reformation, he served as an educational figure who was supposed to lead people back onto the “right” path. His terrifying appearance was a means of encouraging obedience and virtue.
Parallel to this is the legendary figure of the Perchta, whose roots go back to the Middle Ages and in some cases even to pre-Christian times. Perchten runs, which take place during the Rauhnächte between Christmas and Epiphany, had various functions: They were intended to drive away evil spirits, herald the end of the dark season and allow people to break free from social constraints for a short time.
The mixing of Krampus and Perchten figures led to the impressive customs that can be experienced today in Tyrol and the surrounding regions.
A variety of traditions
Krampus, Klaubauf and Tuifl
Depending on the region, the figures wear different names and costumes. While the Krampuses in Zillertal rely on heavy bells and impressive masks, the “Klaubauf” in East Tyrol are known for their noisy appearance with huge masks. In Haiming in the Tyrolean Oberland, red pants characterize the appearance of the “Tuifl” – a special feature that has its origins in old gingerbread wrappers.
Perchten runs and witches’ dance
In the Tyrolean lowlands, the “Peaschtl”, a traditional form of Perchten, perform without fancy pyrotechnics and modern horror larvae. Instead, they parade from house to house with hand-carved wooden masks and impressive drum rhythms. A special highlight is the witches’ dance, which is a mystical highlight of every run.
Between tradition and modernity
The customs have changed over time. Modern influences such as elements from the heavy metal scene or inspiration from film and television have led to discussions among the groups. Some, such as the tradition-conscious “Peaschtl”, reject these innovations and emphasize the regional. Others, such as the “Seidä Pass” from Kramsach, see it as an opportunity to further develop the custom and make it internationally known.
Social media plays a crucial role in this. Videos of Krampus and Perchten runs reach millions of people worldwide and arouse interest in this ancient custom. For some groups, such as the “Seidä Pass”, this has even led to unusual invitations, such as to Fashion Week in Paris.
Experience tradition up close
The fascination for Krampus and Perchten remains unbroken. Anyone visiting Tyrol in December should definitely experience one of the numerous processions. The smell of smoke, the echo of the bells and the eerily beautiful atmosphere are an unforgettable experience. At the same time, the customs are a reminder of how important it is to preserve traditions and at the same time carefully develop them further.
Whether you are interested in the history of the Krampuses or simply want to marvel at the impressive masks and costumes – the devils, Krampuses and Perchten in Tyrol are a unique experience that allows you to immerse yourself in the culture of the Alps.
